Python 全栈之路系列之装饰器

文章目录

装饰器是由函数去生成的,用于装饰某个函数或者方法或者类,他可以让这个函数在执行之前或者执行之后做一些操作。

实例

先定义一个函数func

#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_

def func(arg): # 接受一个参数arg
print(arg) # 输出这个参数

func("Hello World!") # 调用脚本并且传入参数

执行脚本,输出的结果为:

C:\Python35\python.exe F:/Python_code/Note/装饰器.py
func

Process finished with exit code 0

现要在执行func这个函数前后执行一些操作,就可以创建一个装饰器来实现:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_

def decorator(func): # 创建一个装饰器函数,接受的参数arg参数就是func函数名

def inner(*args, **kwargs):
print("执行函数之前")
ret = func(*args, **kwargs)
print("执行函数之后")
return ret

return inner

@decorator # 如果要让某个函数使用装饰器,只需要在这个函数上面加上@+装饰器名
def func(arg):
print(arg)

func("Hello World!")

输出结果为:

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/ansheng/Documents/PycharmProjects/blogcodes/装饰器.py
执行函数之前
Hello World!
执行函数之后

Process finished with exit code 0

多个装饰器装饰同一个函数

#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_

def decorator1(func):
def inner():
print("开始之前执行装饰器01")
ret = func()
print("结束之后执行装饰器01")
return ret

return inner


def decorator2(func):
def inner():
print("decorator2>>>Start...")
ret = func()
print("decorator2>>>End...")
return ret

return inner


@decorator1
@decorator2
def index():
print("执行函数...")

index()

输出结果:

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/ansheng/Documents/PycharmProjects/blogcodes/装饰器.py
开始之前执行装饰器01
decorator2>>>Start...
执行函数...
decorator2>>>End...
结束之后执行装饰器01

Process finished with exit code 0

更多实例

#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_

# Created by 安生 on 2017/2/9

"""
函数装饰器
"""


def decorator(func):
def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
return func(*args, **kwargs)

return wrapped


@decorator
def func(a, b):
return a + b


print(func(1, 2))
"""
类装饰器
"""


class decorator:
def __init__(self, func):
self.func = func

def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
return self.func(*args, **kwargs)


@decorator
def func(a, b):
return a + b


print(func(1, 2))
"""
带参数的函数装饰器
"""


def parameter(a, b):
print(a, b)

def decorator(func):
def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
return func(*args, **kwargs)

return wrapped

return decorator


@parameter(1, 2)
def func(a, b):
return a + b


print(func(10, 20))
"""
带参数的类装饰器
"""


def parameter(a, b):
print(a + b)

class decorator:
def __init__(self, func):
self.func = func

def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
return self.func(*args, **kwargs)

return decorator


@parameter(1, 2)
def func(a, b):
return a + b


print(func(10, 20))

"""
带参数的类装饰器
"""


def parameter(a, b):
print(a, b)

def decorator(cls):
class wrapped:
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.cls = cls(*args, **kwargs)

def __getattr__(self, item):
return getattr(self.cls, item)

return wrapped

return decorator


@parameter(1, 2)
class CLS:
def __init__(self):
self.a = 'a'

def P(self, v):
print(v)


obj = CLS()
print(obj.a)
obj.P('Hello,')

"""
为函数中和类中的方法添加装饰器
"""


def Call(aClass):
calls = 0

def onCall(*args, **kwargs):
nonlocal calls
calls += 1
print('call %s to %s' % (calls, func.__name__))
return aClass(*args, **kwargs)

return onCall


@Call
def func(a, b):
return a + b


print(func(1, 2))


class CLS:
def __init__(self):
self.a = 'a'

@Call
def b(self):
return self.a


obj = CLS()
print(obj.b())